Building cooperation: cyber, critical technology and national security

Four sections of this paper

• Critical Technology in the Field of Defense: A Comparison between NATO and Japan
• Laws and Policies for Cyber and Critical Technologies in Japan
• Deterrence and Arms Races in Cyber Space
• Chinese Cyber Warfare and Japan’s Response. This final section offers specific suggests on the development of Australia’s forthcoming International Cyber and Critical Technology Engagement Strategy, as well as the Quad Tech Network (QTN).

• Sharing cyber threat intelligence: In terms of sharing threat intelligence, since the United States and Australia belong to the Five Eyes intelligence community, and Japan and India are outside this category, it may be difficult to establish a cooperative relationship. However, a new framework for effective information sharing should be established, and intelligence on cyber threats from China and Russia should be shared among the four countries to counter such threats.
• Fact-checking monitoring system: As mentioned above, influence maneuvering using cyber space has become an issue in recent years. In order to counter this threat, we believe that a fact-checking system should be established with the cooperation of the four countries.
• Research on using AI: It is estimated that AI will be used in cyber space in the future. It will be necessary to promote research and studies in the four countries in this field to enhance their interoperability capabilities and to raise the level of the four countries as a whole. Both China and Russia are using AI to seek hegemony in cyber space.
• Joint exercises are conducted in each of the four countries, but each country has its own strengths and weaknesses. It is also important to conduct joint exercises in order to learn the strengths of other potential allies and partners and to dramatically improve their resilience. Joint exercises that demonstrated the depth of our alliance would help deter China and Russia.
• Cooperation in human resource education: The four countries should contribute to building the foundation for implementing the above four items by dispatching human resources to each other and cooperating in education.